The Importance of Kids Spending Time Outside

By: Shannon Kelly  |  Photos Courtesy: Jill Waugh

Nature is healing,” said Catherine Eubank, founder of ONE Forest School near Smith Mountain Lake in Bedford County. 

Her sentiment echoes myriad studies on the healthful impacts of spending time outdoors—and studies that examine what can happen when there is a lack of connection to the natural world.

“Nature deficit disorder” is a term coined by Richard Louv in 2005, in his book, Last Child in
the Woods. In an interview with Jill Suttie for Greater Good Magazine, Louv said the term
“is not a medical diagnosis, but a useful term—a metaphor—to describe what many of us believe are the human costs of alienation from nature: diminished use of the senses, attention difficulties, higher rates of physical and emotional illnesses, a rising rate of myopia, child and adult obesity, Vitamin D deficiency, and other maladies.”

Louv further said urban planning and loss of green spaces contribute to diminished engagement with nature.

Some places in and around the Lynchburg area aim to remedy that.

ONE Forest School

Located near Smith Mountain Lake in Bedford County, ONE Forest School is an accredited forest school and is also accredited by the American Camp Association for the summer camp program it offers. Launched in 2017, the school operates on a 10-acre campus on Deerhead Nature Preserve.

Open to children from preschool through eighth grade, ONE Forest School’s curriculum and setting aims to address what Eubank said is a root cause of school and workplace violence, substance use issues, and suicide rates, particularly among young people: a lack of knowledge on how to healthfully manage strong emotions, and how to communicate them appropriately. 

Part of addressing this issue starts with acknowledging its connection to nature deprivation.

“If you’re in the middle of the forest, and you are not surrounded by anything but sticks and twigs, and beautiful images, and the birds tweeting, it’s a natural sedative. It’s been scientifically proven, the endorphin levels rise in your brain, and all the things that you need to quiet your mind are already right there,” she said.

Eubank has seen the transformative difference nature immersion makes on children as they learn to acclimate to more time outside—building sure-footedness and tuning in to nature rather than manufactured noise and artificial stimuli.

Playing with sticks, making mud cakes, working the garden, putting on skits, making crafts, sharing in talk circles, and spending time in the sand box are all part of the holistic experience. Students learn to identify the flora and fauna by touch, sight, and smell. 

“The kids that have been in public school, and were made to sit down, and made to be quiet have a really hard time also adjusting to our way of things, where we don’t sit down, and we’re moving around, and we’re investigating, and looking, and touching, and feeling, and speaking, and communicating. We have to use that time as an unschooling process,” Eubank said.

More details about ONE Forest School can be found at oneforestschool.org.

Camp Kum-Ba-Yah Nature Center

In the City of Lynchburg, Camp Kum-Ba-Yah is a 47-acre nature oasis that, according to its mission statement, “serves emerging social needs through the process of engaging children, families and community in meaningful outdoor experiences.” In 2021,
the camp expanded on that mission by placing 42 of its acres under a conservation easement and rebranding to a new name: Camp Kum-Ba-Yah Nature Center.

Featuring a large field, creeks, and some pools, the property is predominantly wooded. Pollinator and sensory gardens are tended there, along with native plants. Students and campers who participate in certain programs have the opportunity to help in the vegetable garden, harvest their own food, and cook with it, learning about nutrition and how to make healthy meals that benefit physical and mental wellbeing. 

Being outside tends to make one want to learn, said Amy Bonnette, Camp Kum-Ba-Yah’s executive director. 

“Not 100 percent, but the majority of the behavior issues or challenges you might see in a traditional classroom setting just disappear, and a lot of children who might struggle in a traditional academic atmosphere can really thrive and succeed, and are willing to ask questions, and willing to share, and are able to use their hands to explore and to learn,” said Gage McAngus, program director at Camp Kum-Ba-Yah Nature Center. “It’s been really phenomenal, because in discussions we’ve had with teachers, they’ve seen a completely different side of their children.”

Further initiatives underway at Camp Kum-Ba-Yah Nature Center include building renovations, handicap accessibility improvements, addition of a kitchen and event space, and the organization is working toward the goal of breaking ground for a new amphitheater. The nonprofit camp also has scholarships available for a limited number of eligible kids.

“I want people to find their place in the woods,” Bonnette said. The experiences at the nature center help develop confidence and self-esteem in the children who participate, building community, exploring new interests and activities, cultivating listening and communication skills, and developing compassion for other living things as they interact with the natural world and with each other. Leadership and mentoring opportunities are also available for teens through the camp’s programming.

“There seems to be a real kind of gentleness when it comes to nature that you might not get from the anxiety that can come from being in front of a screen, playing a video game, or watching a show that’s going to end after 20 minutes with an ad in the middle.

They really are able to take time to breathe, and to calm down, and to appreciate just the beauty of what’s around them every day,” McAngus said. 

There are a few public access points around the property to walking trails, athletic fields, and pollinator gardens the community can enjoy. The KinderWoods area is also open to the public every day from 9 a.m. ’til dusk when summer camp is not in session.

More information and a calendar of events is available online at campkumbayah.org.   

Raised bed gardening has surged in popularity, offering gardeners a controlled environment to cultivate a variety of crops. Among the techniques that optimize the use of these compact spaces, intensive planting stands out for its ability to maximize both yield and efficiency. This method not only enhances productivity but also contributes to healthier plants and more sustainable gardening practices. 

Understanding Intensive Planting

Intensive planting is a gardening technique that focuses on growing a large number of plants in a relatively small space. Unlike traditional row planting, which often leaves significant gaps between plants, intensive planting seeks to utilize every inch of available soil. This approach is particularly suited to raised beds, where soil conditions can be carefully controlled and optimized.

The core principle of intensive planting is to minimize wasted space. By reducing the distance between plants, gardeners can increase the density of their crops. This not only leads to higher yields but also helps in suppressing weeds, as the tightly packed plants leave little room for unwanted growth. Additionally, the close proximity of plants can create a microclimate that reduces water evaporation and promotes healthier plant growth.

Benefits of Intensive Planting in Raised Beds

Raised beds offer several advantages that make them ideal for intensive planting. First and foremost, the soil in raised beds warms up faster in the spring, allowing for an earlier start to the growing season. The elevated structure also improves drainage, reducing the risk of waterlogged roots, which is crucial for the success of densely planted crops.

Another significant benefit is the ability to create a custom soil mix tailored to the needs of your plants. By filling your raised bed with a rich blend of compost, peat moss, and vermiculite or perlite, you can provide an optimal growing environment that supports intensive planting. This well-draining, nutrient-rich medium is perfect for supporting the dense root systems that are characteristic of intensive planting.

Moreover, raised beds are easier to manage in terms of pest control and maintenance. The defined borders of a raised bed create a barrier that can help deter pests, and the higher planting density can make it more difficult for pests to move between plants. Maintenance tasks such as watering, weeding, and harvesting are also more manageable in a compact, organized space.

Techniques for Successful Intensive Planting

To achieve success with intensive planting in raised beds, it is essential to follow a few key techniques. One of the most effective strategies is square foot gardening, which involves dividing the raised bed into a grid of one-foot squares. Each square is then planted with a specific number of plants based on their mature size. For example, one square foot might accommodate one tomato plant, four lettuce plants, or sixteen carrot plants.

Companion planting is another valuable technique in intensive planting. By selecting plants that thrive together, you can enhance growth and deter pests naturally. For instance, planting basil alongside tomatoes can improve the flavor of the tomatoes and help repel aphids. Similarly, pairing beans with corn can provide mutual benefits: the beans fix nitrogen in the soil, while the corn offers structural support for the climbing beans.

Succession planting is also crucial in intensive gardening. This involves planting crops in a sequence to ensure continuous harvests throughout the growing season. As soon as one crop is harvested, another is planted in its place. For example, after harvesting early spring radishes, you can use the same space to plant summer beans or fall greens.

Challenges and Solutions

While intensive planting in raised beds offers numerous benefits, it also presents some challenges. One of the primary concerns is ensuring that plants receive adequate nutrients. Because plants are grown closely together, they can quickly deplete the soil of essential nutrients. To address this, it is vital to amend the soil regularly with compost and organic fertilizers. Additionally, practicing crop rotation can help prevent soil nutrient depletion and reduce the risk of disease.

Another challenge is the potential for increased pest and disease pressure due to the high plant density. Regular monitoring and prompt intervention are key to managing these issues. Implementing organic pest control methods, such as using insecticidal soaps, neem oil, or introducing beneficial insects, can help keep pest populations in check without harming the ecosystem.

Watering can also be more demanding in an intensive planting setup. Plants in raised beds tend to dry out faster than those in traditional gardens, and the high density of crops can exacerbate this issue. Drip irrigation systems or soaker hoses are highly recommended to ensure consistent and efficient water delivery to the plants.

Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting, intensive planting in raised beds offers an exciting and rewarding path to maximizing your garden’s potential.

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Everything you need to do for a successful growing season

When Andy Williams sang, “It’s the most wonderful time of the year” we’re pretty sure he was talking about gardening season, not Christmas. If you planted early spring crops like lettuces, snap peas, and radishes, you’ve likely been harvesting and indulging for a few weeks! But there’s still plenty left to do as the start of summer approaches.

Don’t miss our May garden checklist if you need to play a bit of catch-up.

Indoors
While summer gardening is in full swing and most of your tasks will be outdoors this month, now is a great time to start planning your fall garden. Get your seed stash organized and pre-order shallot and garlic bulbs if you plan on planting them.

Outdoors
You’ll have dirt under your fingernails all month—nature’s manicure, right? While much of your May planting won’t be producing this month, June is all about damage control and preventative maintenance. Potato beetles, cucumber beetles, cabbage moths, Mexican bean beetles, aphids, and squash borers are all your worst enemies this month. Keep brassica crops covered with a removable row cover to protect them as much as possible. If you spot aphids, give plant leaves a strong jet spray of water to dislodge the pests and invest in an organic-approved insecticidal soap to keep the aphids at bay. And, it’s less-than-ideal work, but hand-picking aphids or squash borer eggs is the humble job of every gardener.

But there is fun work to be had, too! You can continue direct sowing sunflowers, nasturtiums, marigolds, borage, and basil. Did you know that nasturtium is a powerhouse plant to have in the garden? Not only is every bit of it edible, but nasturtium is a “trap crop” meaning it attracts harmful pests like aphids and keeps them away from your more vulnerable vegetable plants.

You can also still direct sow squash, cucumbers, and beans. For an ample bean harvest all season, consider succession planting every two weeks for a crop that will be continuously producing.

Water your garden thoroughly once a week and aim to weekly or more to stay on top of it and keep the task more manageable.

If you have a thriving lilac or hydrangea, June is also an ideal time to take softwood cuttings to start new plants.

Give your compost pile a good turn or two on warm-weather days. Or, if you haven’t started a compost pile yet, start one—you’ll be cutting back on food waste and doing your soil a favor.

Foraging and Food Forests Resurge as Locavore Trends Take Root

By Lindsey Cline-Shrader

Virginia’s lush landscapes contain a cornucopia of edible treasures. Like much of our evolving local food system, the art of foraging has undergone a renaissance, capturing the imaginations of foodies, homesteaders, and environmentalists. From upscale eateries’ haute cuisine to grassroots gatherings, foraging offers culinary delights and a pathway to health and sustainability—and, of course, this path sparks debate.

In modern culture, foraging has resurged with every back-to-the-land movement starting in the 1930s, 1960s, and early 2000s when, rather than subsidizing, foraging joined a broader movement of sustainable food systems and permaculture design. The current ease of information sharing is building a new generation of wild food advocates. Foraging experts and online influencers like Alexis Nikole and Gabrielle Cerberville translate in-depth wild food knowledge into quick, digestible videos for their respective 1.7 million and 359,000 Instagram followers. 

Viewers already educated in the flaws of a chemical-heavy industrial food system are ready for the good news. While more people get outside to taste and test, a growing awareness of responsible foraging practices has taken root.

Wild ramps are the poster child for a well-loved and occasionally over harvested wild food. In early spring, this edible onion carpets the forest floor of the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains. Ramps are prized for their unique flavor profile, which adds a spicy, earthy depth to dishes. For decades, foragers and chefs were beckoned to the hills to bring ramps to high-end restaurants in DC and beyond. 

While ramps often grow in patches of hundreds, they take up to seven years to produce flowers and several more years for the seeds to germinate. This slow growth, coupled with their particular growing conditions, led West Virginia to ban harvesting in many parks and recreation areas as wild populations began to disappear. Responsible harvesting now includes taking a leaf or two from large plants and rarely, if ever, harvesting bulbs. 

The lesson from ramps has led some farmers and gardeners to revive the concept of sustainable cultivated food forests. This ancient practice, a lesson from Native American culture and cultivation practices, means planting in multiple layers, which builds an ecosystem and creates more food per cubic foot. For example, a canopy top layer might consist of nut trees like oak and chestnut, followed by understory fruit trees like pawpaw and persimmon, interplanted with berry bushes like elderberry and blueberry. The herbaceous and ground-cover layers can include your favorite hardy edible perennials like wild strawberries, asparagus, rhubarb, sorrel, Jerusalem artichokes, mayapples, or wild violets.

My food forest would first and foremost contain yaupon holly, the only caffeinated plant that grows wild in Virginia and across the South. Yaupon seems to be a lightly caffeinated wonder plant full of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and theophylline and theobromine, the “pleasure molecules.” 

Since it’s locally grown, yaupon has a smaller carbon footprint and causes less environmental stress compared to coffee farms. Project Communitea, a Richmond-based company, grows and sells yaupon tea regionally and online.

Treasures like the pawpaw, a custard-like fruit, tempt some palates (and decidedly not others) with their creamy sweetness. Despite their delicious fruit, pawpaws refuse to submit to the conventional horticultural industry. The first challenge lies in their flowers, which emit a faint musky odor that fails to attract many critical pollinators for fruit production. Additionally, the fruit’s delicate nature makes it unsuitable for shipping and storage, limiting its commercial viability. 

Thus, pawpaws remain wild, found in thickets along bottomlands and streamsides, leaving us to celebrate and preserve wild populations and enjoy the fruits where we find them. Or, for the adventurous, to cultivate pawpaw trees in gardens. If this entices you, remember that pawpaws are dioecious, so you’ll need both male and female trees for fruit set and pollination. Edible Landscaping in Nelson County grows and sells pawpaw trees and a variety of edible plants. 

Beyond this hidden gem, more commonly found herbs and plants offer nutritional value right outside your door. The humble dandelion, often considered a nuisance, reveals its charm in everything from teas and tinctures to infused oils, syrups, and vinegar. Roots can be stored in a dirt-filled basket in a shed or basement to provide a steady supply of greens throughout winter.
Dried, mature leaves make a medicinal tea full of vitamins A, C, and K and many minerals. The bloom is the main ingredient in dandelion wine, for which there are nearly as many recipes as winemakers. 

Other flavorful and spicy greens include the common horseweed, which can be thrown into salads or blanched and added to soups. Chickweed grows abundantly in moist, shaded areas and can be eaten fresh or brewed into a tea for soothing medicinal properties.

While it’s easy to dismiss wild food as lackluster, renowned chef René Redzepi proved that foraged foods hold their own. He prioritized indigenous ingredients in his culinary creations and earned three Michelin stars for his Danish restaurant, Noma. 

Chefs like Alan Bergo, a former chef in fine-dining restaurants, left the kitchen to write the popular The Forager Chef’s Book of Flora, which eventually spawned a TV show and earned a James Beard award.

Virginia’s landscape offers edible wonders waiting to be discovered and savored. The resurgence of foraging in our evolving local food scene reflects a broader cultural shift toward sustainability and connection with the land. Let’s hope the allure of wild foods continues to inspire us to revere and appreciate nature’s bounties.  

Your May Garden Checklist
Everything you need to do for a successful growing season

Another planting month is upon us! Tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, watermelon! All of the glorious summer garden produce goes in the ground this month. We always advise to wait until Mother’s Day to get these warm-weather crops in the ground, so early May is the perfect time to visit a nearby farmer’s market or local plant store for heirloom and organic varieties.  

Don’t miss our April garden checklist if you need to play a bit of catch-up.

Indoors
Continue starting okra, squash, cucumber, melons, and watermelons indoors. Sow vining crops (like watermelon and cucumber)  in individual peat pots as they do not transplant well if roots are disturbed.

Outdoors
Lots to do outside this month! Just after Mother’s Day, almost everything can be planted outside. Houseplants can also be moved to a shady spot in the yard to give them an extra boost of Vitamin D.

Beans, okra, squash, sweet corn, Southern peas, and watermelon can all be sown directly from seed. For a continuous bean and corn harvest, only plant a partial row of each and continue to direct sow seeds every week or two—this will ensure you are harvesting throughout the season rather than just all at once. Sunflowers, nasturtiums, marigolds, borage, and basil can also be directly sown from seed. Tip: Nasturtium is a trap plant, meaning it attracts harmful pests like aphids. Consider planting nasturtium near your kale, cabbages, or tomatoes to keep aphids off of those plants. Plus, every part of the nasturtium plant is edible—win, win!

Once the soil has completely warmed—toward the end of May if we’ve had warm weather—sweet potato slips can be planted in the ground. 

Establish a trellis or support system for your tomatoes now rather than wait until they’re growing tall.

Harvest any leafy greens—lettuce, spinach, kale—before it gets too warm and your plants begin to bolt.

Give your compost pile a good turn or two on warm-weather days. Or, if you haven’t started a compost pile yet, start one—you’ll be cutting back on food waste and doing your soil a favor.

Container gardening is an excellent option for those with limited space or for gardeners looking to add a touch of green to their patios, balconies, or window sills. In Lynchburg, which falls under Zone 7a, the climate offers a good range of temperatures suitable for growing a variety of vegetables in containers. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced gardener, here are the top 10 vegetables perfect for container gardening in Virginia’s Zone 7 weather.

1. Tomatoes: Tomatoes are a favorite among container gardeners due to their versatility and productivity. Choose compact varieties like Patio Princess or Bush Early Girl for containers. Ensure your containers are at least 5 gallons in size to accommodate the deep root systems of tomato plants.
2. Peppers: Bell peppers, chili peppers, and sweet peppers thrive well in containers. They require full sun and well-draining soil. Varieties like California Wonder or Lipstick are ideal for Virginia’s Zone 7 climate.
3. Lettuce: For fresh salads, grow lettuce in containers. Leaf lettuce varieties such as Buttercrunch or Red Salad Bowl are easy to grow and can be harvested continuously by picking outer leaves. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
4. Spinach: Spinach is a cool-season crop that does well in Virginia’s spring and fall weather. Plant spinach in containers with nutrient-rich soil and provide partial shade during hot summer days. Varieties like Bloomsdale or Baby’s Leaf Hybrid are suitable choices.
5. Carrots: Compact varieties of carrots like Thumbelina or Short ‘n Sweet are perfect for container gardening. Use deep containers to accommodate the long taproots of carrots and ensure the soil is loose and well-draining to prevent root deformities.
6. Radishes: Radishes are fast-growing vegetables that thrive in containers. They prefer cool weather and can be grown in spring and fall. Varieties such as Cherry Belle or French Breakfast add color and crunch to salads.
7. Green Beans: Bush-type green beans like Provider or Blue Lake are excellent choices for container gardening. Provide a trellis or support for the plants to climb and ensure containers are placed in a sunny location for optimal growth and yield.
8. Cucumbers: Compact cucumber varieties such as Bush Champion or Patio Snacker are well-suited for containers. Use a trellis or cage to support the vines and ensure consistent watering to prevent bitter fruits.
9. Herbs: Culinary herbs like basil, thyme, parsley, and mint thrive in containers and can be grown together in a single large container or separate pots. Place them in a sunny location and harvest regularly to promote new growth.
10. Zucchini or Squash: Choose bush-type varieties of zucchini or squash for container gardening, such as Bush Baby zucchini or Honey Bear acorn squash. Ensure containers are at least 5 gallons in size and provide support for the plants as they grow.

When container gardening in Virginia’s Zone 7, it’s essential to monitor soil moisture, provide adequate sunlight, and fertilize plants as needed. Regularly check for pests and diseases and take appropriate measures to keep your container garden healthy and thriving. With these top 10 vegetables, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest right outside your doorstep, even in limited spaces.

Everything you need to do for a successful growing season

We are finally in the thick of it: Planting season! Colder weather crops have been in the ground for a few weeks, you’re likely seeing little lettuce sprouts here and there, and you have a glorious two months of planting ahead of you. Is there anything better? Well, maybe harvest season when we can reap the benefits of all of our hard work.

Don’t miss our March garden checklist if you need to play a bit of catch-up.

Indoors
You likely already have tomato and pepper seedlings growing and thriving under grow lights—stay on top of them and transition them to larger pots as needed. Even with our beautifully warm weather that we have had recently, resist the urge to move them outside. The chance of a late frost is still high.

Start okra, squash, cucumber, melon, and watermelon seeds indoors. If they are vining crops (like watermelon), plant them in individual peat pots as they don’t transplant well if the roots are disturbed.

Take this time to draw out any landscaping projects. Are you expanding your garden? Increasing your flower bed space? Jot down your notes and planned dimensions to ensure you don’t overplant.

Outdoors
This is where the fun begins! Scatter any annual flower seeds to create a beautiful flower border around your perennial flowers. If they are really small seeds—like poppies—they don’t need covering.

You can also sow quite a few seeds directly outdoors this month, such as beets, carrots, Swiss chard, kohlrabi, cabbage, lettuce, collards, turnips, radishes, spinach, bunching onions, and peas. For carrots, plant an abundance of seeds and plan to thin as they grow.

Plant any new trees or shrubs by the end of this month—aim to plant native plants when possible!

Cover cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower with row covers to protect them from pests like the cabbage both.

If you planted potatoes in March, you are likely seeing growth. Continue to mound them with fresh soil and compost as needed!

Give your compost pile a good turn or two on warm-weather days. Or, if you haven’t started a compost pile yet, start one—you’ll be cutting back on food waste and doing your soil a favor.

Everything you need to do for a great growing season ahead

Planting season has arrived! It’s warm, gentle rain is coming, and we are itching to get our hands in some dirt. March kicks off planting season and now is the time to get cold-resistant crops in the ground and start planning ahead for the rest of the season.

Don’t miss our February garden checklist if you need to play a bit of catch-up.

Indoors
The longer days and shorter nights will stimulate your houseplants and get them growing again after a more dormant winter. If you have any that need repotting, now is the time to do so. It would also be helpful to give them a good feeding with some added nutrients.

March is also the time to start some later-season transplants: tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. Aim to get those seeds started by the 15th so you have plenty of growing time before they are put in the ground in May.

It would also be wise to start a garden notebook for the year. List everything that you plant in the garden, including the name of the seed company, plant name, variety, planting date, and harvest date. Keep notes throughout the growing season so you can refer back to them next season.

Outdoors
By the end of March, begin hardening off your onion, parsley, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts outside—particularly any new plants that are at least 5 weeks old. Select smaller rather than larger plants of these cold-weather crops as overly mature plants tend to bolt if exposed to low temperatures early in the season.

Now is also the time to direct sow carrots, Swiss chard, peas, collards, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, onions, parsley, parsnips, beets, radishes, and spinach. You can also plant new beds of bare-root asparagus and strawberries for reliable perennials that will return year-after-year.

If you have other perennials planted from last year, remove any winter protection that you had in place by mid-March. Pull back mulch from any existing strawberry and asparagus beds so they can push through easily as they regrow. If you have grapes, raspberries, or blueberries growing, give them an added boost with a gentle, natural, nitrogen fertilizer.

Give your compost pile a good turn or two on warm-weather days. Or, if you haven’t started a compost pile yet, start one—you’ll be cutting back on food waste and doing your soil a favor.

Finally, place a birdhouse or two outside as birds will begin looking for nesting sites soon.

As we look forward to the coming growing season, you may be wondering what you can do to make your garden more productive, healthier, and better for the environment while it provides your family with delicious home-grown goodies.

Sustainability in the home garden doesn’t have to be complicated!

In fact, it can even simplify the work you do to maintain healthy gardens. It really comes down to a few simple areas of focus: water, soil, plant selection, and the wildlife around your garden. Here are a few easy things you can do to help both yourself, and the planet.

Say No to Water Wasting

This one is a no-brainer—we all realize the importance of water conservation. Thankfully, it’s easy to apply it in the garden! Ditch your oscillating sprinklers that spray water carelessly all over the place
and replace them with drip irrigation or soaker hoses to pinpoint the water right where you need it. Mulch your beds to help retain water in the soil and keep your plants hydrated, even on drier days. Place collection barrels at the bottoms of your downspouts to capitalize all that wasted rain that falls onto your roof! All these little things help to cut back on water waste. If you want to take it a step further, you can even implement rainscaping into your garden design!

Be Soil Savvy

According to earthday.org, the United States is losing soil ten times faster than it is replenished (see page 79 for ways our region is combating soil erosion). Soil is a living, breathing component of the garden. Keep the dirt healthy by using compost to replenish vital nutrients. Composting is simple, fun for the whole family, and eliminates a lot of household waste from your trash can. There is plenty of great information available online for how to create your own compost pile, and if you want in-person advice, Old City Cemetery Museums & Arboretum has a Compost Education Center managed by the Hill City Master Gardeners who would be happy to answer your questions. Allowing dead and decaying plants to remain on the soil to decompose is another great way to protect your garden dirt. 

That’s right: by NOT cleaning up your garden, you can improve the soil conditions for your plants! Not to mention, keeping material on top of the soil helps prevent erosion. So skip the raking and shoveling this fall. Instead, just allow those natural processes to take over and refuel your soil.

Use Flower Power Instead of Chemicals

 It can be hard to give up those chemical fertilizers and pesticides—especially if you don’t know how to protect and grow your plants without them! So here are a few pointers: 

• Use pest-repelling plants around your vegetable gardens to ward off those undesirables. For example, nasturtiums (one of my favorites) are beautiful in bloom, taste delicious in a salad, and happen to repel aphids, squash bugs, white flies, and other destructive insects. Plant them near your beans and cucumbers! Marigolds are pest control powerhouses in the garden and deter a number of bugs. I plant rows of them between just about everything I grow, but they are especially helpful with tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes.

• Once the pests are under control, it’s time to look at fertilizing your plants. Go natural by using organic fertilizers. There are several products available at home and garden stores everywhere. I was always told to put a fish head in my planting holes for tomato plants. As the fish decomposes, it constantly invigorates the plant roots with nutrients. Compost makes for great fertilizer and helps control pH levels in your soil. 

• If you’re looking for a fun family project, consider vermiculture, or raising worms for the beneficial castings (poo) they produce—it’s garden gold!

Help the Helpers

Finally, your garden can help sustain the native plants and animals that are vital to our ecosystem. Planting native plants around your garden and in your yard is a small thing you can do to make a big impact. They naturally require less watering and fertilization because they are biologically designed to thrive in our specific conditions. Additionally, they support the insects we need, like pollinators and beneficial insects. And about those beneficial bugs—you want to keep those guys in your vegetable garden to eat harmful pests like aphids. For example, green lacewings feast on aphids, scales, mealybugs, and other garden destroyers. Assassin bugs eat flies and mosquitos, and love squash vine borers, so they are great for your squash, cucumbers, and vining plants. 

Then there are pollinators, which we literally depend on for our food supply. Bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, etc., all help to pollinate our garden crops. Provide for them and those other helpful insects by planting natives for shelter, and by resisting the urge to rake fall leaves, clean out garden scraps where they nest and lay eggs, and mow over those early spring dandelions, which provide food. Finally, you could consider reducing the amount of manicured lawn space you maintain around your home and replacing it with something healthier for the environment— like clover!

Going green does not have to be expensive, or difficult. In some ways, it makes our lives easier! And it’s the gift that keeps on giving as future generations learn to appreciate our planet’s natural resources. So try a few of these tips in and around your vegetable patch this season, and reap the rewards of a thoughtful garden!   

Opportunities for Lynchburg Homeowners to Lead in Water Conservation Efforts

What do Lynchburg lawns have to do with waterways from Blackwater Creek to the iconic Chesapeake Bay?

How we manage our yards isn’t just for show. It affects animals from the smallest damselfly to the trophy smallmouth bass in our local waters and impacts wildlife downstream to the Chesapeake Bay. Ramifications ripple out to the benefits we receive, like clean drinking water and our opportunity to paddle, fish, and enjoy our rivers. In fact, lawns and water quality are so intertwined that nonprofit and government programs might help you cover the costs of transforming soggy, poor turfgrass into native plant gardens or bare riverbanks into forests.

Pollution from cities and farms has damaged local streams into the James River and beyond for decades. The Chesapeake Bay has nearly become a “dead waterway,” with aquatic life and fish drastically disappearing from its waters. In 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency devised a plan to reverse this course by setting goals for Virginia to reduce pollution by 2025.

This is where homeowners and their backyards come in. Picture those “dead” areas in your lawn that won’t grow turfgrass, bare dirt at new building sites, or water rushing down driveways to stormwater drains.

Bare soil from new building sites and poor lawns has become the leading cause of pollution in the James River. Sediment wreaks havoc: it smothers river bottom habitats, elevates water temperatures, and clouds water, which kills underwater plants.

The other primary water pollutants—excess nutrients, nitrogen, and phosphorus—come from agricultural fields and overly fertilized lawns. Nutrients foster problematic algae blooms that create oxygen “dead zones” that suffocate aquatic life and lead to fish kills. 

The good news is that homeowners can reduce runoff in several ways. Replacing lawns, especially those with poor cover or near streams, with lush native gardens, preserves water quality—root systems act as a shield, grabbing pollutants, sediment, and nutrients before they enter water sources.
These gardens are carefully designed to absorb excess nutrients, hold soil in place, and create critical wildlife habitat. They require no fertilizers or chemicals, further reducing nutrient pollution.

Recently, City of Lynchburg and Campbell and Amherst County homeowners became eligible for a state program, the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP). This program helps cover costs for pollution-reduction projects, like rain gardens, conservation landscaping, and permeable pavements. 

“The projects I want to see installed are the ones that solve water issues for individuals. Whether they have erosion and soil loss on their property, standing water issues, or need to contain water for raised beds—the right project for the location and landowner are the priority,” says Blair Blanchette, VCAP Coordinator. 

Concrete exacerbates polluted runoff as water picks up other pollutants like bacteria and pesticides, then flushes straight to local creeks. Projects that slow water runoff, such as rainwater harvesting or dry wells, can keep lawns and gardens healthy and provide water during dry spells while significantly reducing polluted runoff.

The James River Association’s Buffer Program works with landowners in the James River watershed to plant forested areas along creeks or streams called buffers. Buffers stop pollution as gardens do while building cooler, clearer, more stable streams, providing habitat for sensitive species like herons and brook trout.

“Everyone can have an impact. Trees are part of the answer, and anyone, especially those with open streamside land, can grow trees to help clean our water,” says Anne Marie Roberts, Senior Restoration Field Manager for the James River Association.

Through a technical modeling program, Roberts can see precisely how much a buffer reduces pollutants like sediment and excess nutrients. Through such programs as these and continued community investment, the James River can return to total health. Luckily for many of us,
it may start with a lush forest or a beautiful garden.

WHERE TO BEGIN

Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP)

Government program managed by Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) aims to help residential homeowners reduce urban stormwater runoff.

Who: Homeowners, businesses, schools, places of worship, and community centers in Lynchburg, Amherst, and Campbell counties (R. E. Lee District) or Bedford County (Peaks of Otter District)

What: Design, prepare, and install “best management practices,” including conservation landscaping, impermeable surface removal, permeable pavement, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, and more. Up to 80% of project cost reimbursed. 

Get Started: Visit Releeconservation.com or Poswcd.org 

The James River Buffer Program (JRBP)

The James River Association and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation provide technical and financial support for landowners to create forest buffers along stream banks.

Who: Landowners in the James River watershed with a creek, stream, or river frontage 

What: Design, prepare, install, and provide three years of maintenance support to restore forested buffers. 100% project cost provided.

Results: Since its launch in 2019 and with support from Department of Forestry, 1,084 acres of buffers installed across the James River watershed, including 358,331 native trees.

Get Started: Visit jamesriverbuffers.org 

Conservation Easements

The Central Virginia Land Conservancy works with landowners to save the farms, forests, waterways, and rural landscapes that make Virginia beautiful. Land conservation easements save land through voluntary, permanent agreements that outline how land can be used. 

Who: Landowners in Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Buckingham, Campbell, and Nelson counties and Lynchburg

What: Permanent agreements to protect land from intense development. Tax credits and deductions based on the reduced land value.

Results: 5,900 acres protected 

Get Started: Visit www.cvalc.org