The Art of Native Plant Gardens
By: Lindsey Cline-Shrader
In garden design, native plants aren’t only chosen for their adaptability and ecological benefits; a growing trend embraces the beauty of native plant gardens. Native plants are celebrated for their striking aesthetic potential and following fundamental design principles helps maximize their beauty. From pairing plants for color and texture to mastering scale and color theory, designing with nature has never been more rewarding.
Scale
Scale refers to the size of elements in the overall space. In large suburban or rural yards, mature trees, a forest, or built elements like pergolas help fill the space and create a sense of scale that matches the garden’s size. The mistake I often see is making small, colorful perennial beds that demand maintenance but quickly get lost in an ample space. This leaves the gardener, as I’ve frequently felt, overwhelmed.
Instead, plant in drifts or clusters of the same species to create a strong visual impact and avoid a scattered look. Large swathes of a few plant species unify an expansive landscape. Use natural materials like stone walls or boulders to blend the garden seamlessly with its surroundings. A well-placed fence or hedge can make the scale more manageable and break up the space.
In expansive gardens, open spaces or lawns provide a visual break.
Balance these areas with planted sections to avoid monotony with too much lawn and prevent chaos with too many planting beds.
In smaller urban gardens, compact plants and furnishings make the space harmonious. Here, the key is to use layers of smaller trees, then shrubs and perennials to bring the canopy down to earth and balance the space. For smaller spaces, consider smaller drifts of three to five plants to create interest.
Creating Visual Hierarchy
Creating a visual hierarchy guides the viewer’s eye through the garden. Each garden area or “room” should have one focal point: a flowering shrub, bright perennials, a garden shed, a fountain, or a hardscape element like a fireplace or fire pit. To add impact, surround the focal point with ground covers and perhaps a dwarf tree. This layering technique adds depth and interest, ensuring no element overwhelms the space.
If hardscapes create the focal point, plantings are vital to softening them and creating harmonious spaces. Plants mitigate the harshness of stone or concrete by adding warmth, texture, and color. Limiting hardscape areas to specific purposes, such as pathways or seating areas, prevents them from overwhelming the garden’s natural beauty.
Color Pairings
Color theory can help guide a visually stunning garden. Harmonious color schemes, such as monochromatic (different shades of the same color), analogous (colors next to each other on the color wheel), and complementary (colors opposite each other on the color wheel), can enhance your garden’s aesthetic in unique ways.
Monochromatic Color Schemes
For a serene and cohesive look, consider a monochromatic scheme using shades of green or white and green. This style works particularly well in shady spaces and around quiet seating areas. Native ground-covering grasses like Carex (my favorite is Carex vulpinoidea) provide a tranquil backdrop. Layering multiple leaf shapes and sizes over the base grass adds depth and interest while maintaining a soothing space.
Analogous Color Schemes
Analogous color schemes incorporate colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. This style brings harmony and unity to the garden, creating a cohesive look that’s perfect for gathering areas, outdoor dining spaces, and often for front or back entrances. The smooth transitions between colors create a sense of comfort and tranquility, making these areas feel welcoming.
Complementary Color Schemes
Complementary color schemes (colors opposite on the color wheel, such as blue and orange) attract attention and create lively, engaging environments. They are perfect for bold entrances, focal points, or larger entertainment spaces.
Warm Color Schemes
Warm colors, such as reds, oranges, and yellows, create a sense of warmth, energy, and vibrancy. These colors evoke excitement: warm colors advance toward the viewer, naturally drawing the eye and making spaces feel dynamic or further enhancing focal points. Warm colors thrive in sunny spots, where the natural light enhances their brightness and intensity.
Cool Color Schemes
Cool colors, including blues, greens, and purples, evoke calmness, serenity, and a sense of spaciousness. These colors recede from the viewer, making spaces feel extensive and tranquil.
Cool colors perform well in shaded or moist areas, where their subtle tones can create a refreshing feel. Their receding nature can give the illusion of depth and distance, making compact areas feel more expansive.
Plant Textures
Plant textures add depth and contrast, particularly to monochromatic spaces. Fine-textured plants, such as grasses or ferns, bring a delicate, airy quality, ideal for lightness and movement. These can be strategically placed near pathways or seating areas to draw the eye and soften hard edges. Coarse-textured plants, like large-leaved vines or shrubs, provide a dramatic contrast and can serve as striking focal points. By layering and contrasting these textures, you can create a balanced yet dynamic garden.
Designing with native plants allows for a harmonious blend of ecological benefits and aesthetic appeal, creating beautiful and sustainable gardens. You can transform any space into a stunning natural haven by carefully considering scale, visual hierarchy, and color theory. Embrace the art of native plant gardening to enjoy a landscape that thrives with minimal maintenance while offering a captivating visual experience.
